Essay about Critical Review of Journal Article - 1969 Words

INTRODUCTION This critical review of the quantitative study â€Å"Evaluation of a multiprofessional community stroke team: a randomised controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation; 18 pp 40-47 STUDY PURPOSE The study aims to conclusively evaluate how effective it is to employ a specialist community stroke team for the rehabilitation of stroke victims in a community based setting. This is clearly established at within the opening lines of the article. In the summary at the beginning of the article the author claims that the available evidence is inconclusive and his aim is to provide conclusive proof with regards to evidence based practise for the patient. A research article should state its’ aims clearly and should assume the audience has no†¦show more content†¦According to Sim and Wright (2000) the accessible population is the portion of the target population that is available to the researcher and the sample is then taken from this accessible population. The groups are similar to each other with regards to gender and age distribution; this also increases the validity of the study as this similarity reduces the variables of the study. The overall population was a conve nience sample which was then randomized to two groups. DATA COLLECTION Six months after randomization all the patients were sent a letter asking them to consent to being in a study to evaluate the input of a community stroke team. According to Lincoln et al (2004) the consent forms and outcome questionnaires were sent this late so as to reduce bias. It was thought that group A which was receiving routine care would have lower expectations if confronted with the realization that the alternate group may receive superior care. Some would possibly insist on being referred to the specialist community stroke team The Local Research Ethics Committee granted ethical approval for this study to go ahead. This indicates that the value of the research undertaken outweighed any harm that this consenting method may have caused as patients in Group A were still receiving routine care. However, the department of health hasShow MoreRelatedCritical Success Factors For Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Success1740 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This paper is a critical review of the article ‘Critical Success Factors for Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Success’ which was published in the ‘International Journal of Advances in Engineering Technology’. In this review, the article summary is presented first before an analysis of its structure. The critique of the article then follows, focusing on the author’s authority, the accuracy of the article as a source of information, the currency of the article, its relevance, objectivityRead MoreA Research Study On The Nursing Leadership And Management Team1021 Words   |  5 Pagesor to identify best practice. This would be conducted in real time to answer practice questions. Therefore, pre-planning would not be possible since topics would arise from real time situations. The classrooms this author will be working in are critical care nursing units within a health care facility. Occasionally, there will be times that classes are conducted in a typical classroom setting, but for the most part, education will occur on the units, and the students are either graduate nursesRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research On Management Education1516 Words   |  7 PagesThank you for your submission to Journal of Management Education, â€Å"Criticality in Management Education: What It Is and What It Is Not† (JME-16-0084-ETR). I have completed the evaluation of your paper by soliciting reviews from three experts, who assessed the potential contribution to management education research. Based on their assessment and mine, I would like to offer a high risk revise and resubmit for this manuscript. As I understand it from my reading and the reviewers’ comments, the aimRead MoreLanger Article Critique Essay703 Words   |  3 Pageslearning journals in higher and continuing education Teachers College Reflecting on Practice: using learning journals in higher and continuing education Langer (2002) central focus is plainly stated in the introduction, which is â€Å"how the use of journals impacted the learning process of adult non-traditional students and how this impact compared to that of traditional students†. The purpose of this article critique is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Langer (2002) article. TheRead MoreWhat Is Peer Review?960 Words   |  4 PagesThe literature review What is peer review? Peer review is the evaluation of scholarly and academic articles by other researchers or scientists who are expert in the field and qualified enough to perform a reasonably neutral review. It is an indispensable part of the process of the scholarly publication. 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This process is also necessary to make sure that the credibility of this information is professionally supported and held to a scholarly standard. In support of my research topic, I selected an article that I have deemedRead MoreData Evaluation with CARS Checklist: Factors That Affect Student Success in Nursing School1762 Words   |  7 PagesDunham, M. (2011). Predicting NCLEX-RN success in a diverse student population. Journal of Nursing Education, 50(5), 261-267. Bosch, P.C., Doshier, S.A., Gess-Newsome, J. (2012). Bilingual nurse education program: Applicant characteristics that predict success. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(2), 90-95. Bronner, M. (1982). Bridges or barriers to success: The nature of the student experiences in nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 21(7), 38-41. Carrick, J.A. (2011). 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Understanding Human Resource Management - 2586 Words

Human Resource Management Reflective Paper First Name Middle Last Name BUS 303: Human Resources Management Farrell Martin Date Human Resource Management Reflective Paper I strongly believe Human Resource Management is the most appropriate name for the position. It points out the importance of the most valuable resource an organization has, its people, and identifies programs to ensure its most valuable resource is taken care of so the organization can attain its strategic goals and objectives! Human resource management has been called a number of different names in recent history as the duties have grown and matured into the position it is today. Since human resource management was recognized as an independent and important†¦show more content†¦Youssef describes five common selection methods; resumes and application forms, testing, interviews, reference checks, and honesty tests, medical exams and drug testing. (Youssef, 2012). Two of the most popular methods used in selection are resumes and application forms, and interviews. With application forms they assist in gathering basic information ab out a potential employee such as contact information, work experience, education, in addition to the applicants’ signature validating the information is true and accurate. Resumes are controlled by the potential employee and may not be completely accurate. Resumes do provide a great method for obtaining large sums of information and a creating a large pool of potential candidates with the basic requirements for the position. Resumes have become an essential filter to trim the pool of candidates to a manageable number. With Resumes and application forms the process could theoretically only be a paper or electronic review without ever meeting with the applicant. With interviews they are normally conducted face to face or in certain circumstances by telephone or over the internet in a streaming video chat. The interview can evaluate the potential employees’ communications skills, interpersonal skills and his or her technical experience and knowledge. This, accordin g to Youssef, is one of the most commonly used selection tools in employment. (Youssef,Show MoreRelatedUnderstanding The Human Resource Management782 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding the human resource management theory is important to understanding the role that human resource management practices have in the volunteer mechanism. 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The Haqqani Network Terrorists or Insurgents Free Essays

The definition of terrorism is broad and open to interpretation. Hoffman, in his book Inside Terrorism, suggests that terrorism is â€Å"the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or the threat of violence in the pursuit of political change. † Schwartz, Dunkel, et al, define terrorism in their Studies in Conflict amp; Terrorism article entitled Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective, as â€Å"the deliberate targeting of civilian sites for attacks designed to result in destruction of those sites and/or the injury and death of noncombatant civilians. We will write a custom essay sample on The Haqqani Network: Terrorists or Insurgents or any similar topic only for you Order Now Together, these two perspectives coupled with identity theory and will serve as the basis for an evaluation of the Haqqani network and their interrelationships and interactions with known terrorist groups such as the Taliban and al-Qa’ida as well as with Pakistan’s military and government intelligence agencies. The Haqqani Network: Who Are They and Why do We Care? The Haqqani network is an Afghan and Pakistani group of fighters that operates primarily in southeastern Afghanistan as a semi-autonomous component of the Taliban with close ties to Pakistan’s Army and intelligence agencies (Rassler et al. July 14, 2011, p. -2). The Haqqani network’s leadership structure is hierarchical in nature with members of the patriarch’s family filling top leadership roles (Rassler et al. July 14, 2011, p. 7). This familial structure is an important cultural identity marker â€Å"that can serve to promote terrorist activities. † Furthermore, Schwartz, Dunkel, et al address the family as it relates to upholding honor and â€Å"avenging wrongs done to the family. † This is interesting because even those who sympathize and support terrorism, but don’t actually participate in it, often share the same level of social identity based upon their group affiliations. This tends to show how the Haqqani network is able to exert its influence over their colleague groups without actually having to be in control of them. It appears to be a symbiotic relationship where the Haqqani network clearly benefits from bi-directional credibility of association with the Taliban and al-Qa’ida. Rassler et al support this claim when they discuss the relationship between senior Haqqani network leaders and their close operational relationships with the Taliban and al-Qa’ida, revealing that there is often no distinction. This shared identity-based connection legitimizes the Haqqani network with the segment of the Afghan society that believes in radical Islam and jihad. This was evidenced when the Haqqani network helped â€Å"sustain al-Qa’ida’s relevance and branding as the leader of the global jihadist movement. † All in all, it appears the Haqqani network just wants their proverbial place at the table so to speak. Clearly, it must be working, as current assessments put the strength of the group close to 15,000 fighters. The Haqqani Network: Duplicity at Work American intelligence and military officials claim the Haqqani network is a â€Å"proxy force used by the Pakistani intelligence service [Pakistan’s Inter-Service Intelligence {ISI} agency] to carry out grisly, high-profile attacks. † The question here is whether this is a relationship of convenience or an alliance due to shared identity. The secret relationship with ISI coupled with links to al-Qa’ida and the Taliban clearly shows the need to solicit support (e. g. , material, financial, spiritual, etc. ) and ultimately rally the masses behind them. Furthermore, â€Å"for decades, [the Haqqani network has been] a mentor to Arab, Uzbek, Chechen, Turkish, and Pakistani jihadists. † These associations speak to the core of shared identity and the interactions among the groups, as according to Schwartz, Dunkel, et al social and cultural identity is formed when members come together based upon common beliefs shared across the group, and individual identity represents personally chosen goals, values, and beliefs coupled with their perspectives of the world around them. The study of terrorism necessitates (according to Schwartz, Dunkel, et al) that we not only understand the effects of identity, but also the interactions among these levels. In addition, we need to look at the importance of the wider community as Schwartz, Dunkel, et al put it, â€Å"Without local, and sometimes international support, those engaged in terrorist attacks would find it substantially more difficult, if not impossible, to conduct their activities. † Working with the Taliban, al-Qa’ida, and Pakistan’s ISI is a duplicitous role that provides â€Å"credibility within, and across, multiple dimensions of jihad† (Rassler et al. July 14, 2011, p. 5) establishing the shared identity necessary to imbue respect and connectivity as part of an influential group dynamic. Why is all this important? The Haqqani network’s credibility in the region, especially with the tribal groups of Afghanistan, helps extend the Taliban’s reach and because the Haqqani network is effective militarily, they act as a force multiplier for the Taliban. This puts the Haqqani network in a regional leadership position, and Schwartz, Dunkel, et al suggest that this leadership role would be considered admirable providing further social capital. The Haqqani Network: Terrorist Threat or Insurgency? So with such a significant fighting force that is radicalized, is the Haqqani network a terrorist organization pitted against Western ideology, or is it simply an insurgency focused on eradicating outsiders who have forced their way into the Afghani homeland? According to the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism of the Department of State as of September 15, 2011, the Haqqani network is not listed as a foreign terrorist organization. Despite this, according to the Jamestown Foundation Terrorism Monitor, â€Å"The U. S. military has long been frustrated by deadly operations carried out against its troops in Afghanistan by Haqqani Network forces. † They quote U. S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta as saying, â€Å"We cannot have the Haqqanis coming across the border attacking our forces and [Afghans] and disappearing back into a safe haven [in Pakistan]. † In between the rhetoric, the real reason they aren’t on the terrorist list is because there is a belief that, â€Å"such a move would scuttle any chances that the group might make peace with Afghanistan’s government. To make our decision, it is essential that we not lose sight of the need to fairly evaluate this group from the point of view of that group and not from the â€Å"Westernized† framework we can easily apply to it. Brannan, Esler, and Strindberg, point out that, â€Å"Scholars’ insistence that ‘terrorists’ are somehow ‘not like us’ but, instead, abnormal—insane, power hungry, or a combination of both—is a classic exercise in out-group stereotyping†¦which undermines the analytical utility of the interpretations in use. Applying this to the Haqqani network and to prevent us from being constrained by our (Western) cultural boundaries, it is incumbent upon us to look at the Haqqani network from their vantage point. The clearest and most-recent message came in September of 2011 when Sirajuddin Haqqani (the son of the group’s patriarch, Jalaluddin Haqqani) told The Telegraph in the United Kingdom via a telephone interview, â€Å"There are sincere people in the Afghan government who are loyal to the Taliban as they know our goal is the liberation of our homeland from the clutches of occupying forces. With this, their actions, and their relationships, it is apparent that the Haqqani network is interested more in the local issues and having local influence than it is in trying to wage a global jihad against the West. A such, the ir lack of inclusion from the list of terrorist organizations is still valid. Bibliography Brannan, David W. , Esler, Philip F. , and Strindberg, N. T. Anders. 2001. â€Å"Talking to â€Å"Terrorists†: Towards an Independent Analytical Framework for the Study of Violent Substate Activism. † Studies In Conflict amp; Terrorism 24, no. 1: 3-24. Goodspeed, Peter. National Post, â€Å"About the Haqqani network. Last modified September 30, 2011. Accessed November 24, 2011. http://news. nationalpost. com/2011/09/30/about-the-haqqani-network Griffin, Emory. A First Look at Communication Theory. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 1997. Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. Mazzetti, Mark, Scott Shane, and Alissa Rubin. New York Times, â€Å"Brutal Haqqani Crime Clan Bedevils U. S. in Afghanistan. † Last modified September 24, 2011. Accessed November 23, 2011. http://www. nytimes. com/2011/09/25/world/asia/brutal-haqqani-clan-bede vils-united-states-in-afghanistan. html? pagewanted=all. Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown. The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, â€Å"The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qa’ida. † Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 11, 2011. www. ctc. usma. edu. Shahzad, Faizul. â€Å"Taliban Reject American Perceptions of the Haqqani-ISI Relationship. † Terrorism Monitor. 9. no. 37 (2011): 1-2. http://www. jamestown. org/uploads/media/TM_009_Issue37. pdf (accessed November 10, 2011). Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , amp; Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict amp; Terrorism, 32(6), 540. Websites Referenced http://www. cfr. org http://www. tc. usma. edu http://www. dawn. com http://www. foreignaffairs. com http://www. jamestown. org http://news. nationalpost. com http://www. nytimes. com/ http://www. state. gov http://www. telegraph. co. uk http://www. thedailybeast. com http://tribune. com. pk http://www. understandingwar. org/themenode/haqqani-network —â €”————————————– [ 1 ]. Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside Terrorism (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. p. 40. [ 2 ]. Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict Terrorism, 32(6), 537-559. 3 ]. Ibid (p. 540)—Identity theory for our purposes will cover cultural identity, social identity, and personal identity. [ 4 ]. Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown. The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, â€Å"The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qa’ida. † Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 12, 2011, www. ctc. usma. edu. [ 5 ]. The Haqqani network’s patriarch and leader is Jalaluddin Haqqani, although it is reported that he may be in ill health, and his son, Sirajuddin Haqqani, is running the day-to-day operations. http://www. cfr. org/afghanistan/institute-study-war-haqq ani-network/p26126 [ 6 ]. Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict Terrorism, 32(6), 542. [ 7 ]. Ibid. [ 8 ]. Ibid (p. 548) [ 9 ]. Much like the traditional phrase, â€Å"guilt by association,† I suggest there could be credibility by association. It is concept that is often discussed in marketing whereby a person, product, or company gains credibility by associating itself with a larger more recognized person, product, or company (e. g. , a computer with the â€Å"Intel Inside† sticker on it). [ 10 ]. Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown. The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, â€Å"The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qa’ida. † Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 12, 2011, www. ctc. usma. edu. (p. 40) [ 11 ]. Ibid (p. 43). [ 12 ]. http://tribune. com. pk/story/259314/sirajuddin-haqqani-dares-us-to-attack-n-waziristan/ [ 13 ]. Mazzetti, Mark, Scott Shane, and Alissa Rubin. New York Times, â€Å"Brutal Haqqani Crime Clan Bedevils U. S. in Afghanistan. † Last modified September 24, 2011. Accessed November 23, 2011. http://www. nytimes. com/2011/09/25/world/asia/brutal-haqqani-clan-bedevils-united-states-in-afghanistan. html? pagewanted=all. [ 14 ]. Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside Terrorism (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. p. 199. [ 15 ]. Goodspeed, Peter. National Post, â€Å"About the Haqqani network. † Last modified September 30, 2011. Accessed November 24, 2011. http://news. nationalpost. com/2011/09/30/about-the-haqqani-network [ 16 ]. Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict Terrorism, 32(6), 540. [ 17 ]. Ibid. [ 18 ]. Ibid (p. 548) [ 19 ]. Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown. The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, â€Å"The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qa’ida. Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 12, 2011, www. ctc. usma. edu. (p. 13) [ 20 ]. Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict Terrorism, 32(6), 550. [ 21 ]. The current list of Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations contains 49 entries, but the Haqqani Network is not one of them. http://www. state. gov/s/ct/rls/other/des/123085. htm [ 22 ]. Faizul Shahzad, â€Å"Taliban Reject American Perceptions of the Haqqani-ISI Relationship,† Terrorism Monitor, 9, no. 37 (2011): 1-2, http://www. jamestown. org/uploads/media/TM_009_Issue37. pdf (accessed November How to cite The Haqqani Network: Terrorists or Insurgents, Papers

Rice Without Rain free essay sample

The streets of Calcutta are flooded with rickshaws, shouting vendors, and mangy, mosquito eaten strays. Tin roofed-slums are contrasted by pristine white-washed flats and manicured gardens. Only one site in the entire, overpopulated city holds nature’s wealth. In an array of crystal colors, fruits and vegetables are laid out in bundles and baskets at the open-sky bazaar, ready to be sniffed, grasped, and hopefully, turned into a traditional chutney or soup. During a rail trip out to the countryside, I am lumbering past the bent backs of field hands, who with their stubborn buffalo, brave the arid sun and the voracious mosquitoes. To me it is just bovine scenery, but to the people of India it is their existence. So many lives have been plowed into the rice patties of Nabadeep. Blood has soaked into the red, clay dirt; the donors of that ruby wine have their tired eyes continuously sweeping the sparse sky, eager for it to spill its own jewels to the land. We will write a custom essay sample on Rice Without Rain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, the fate of India and its penurious farmers worries me. The bazaar may one day be destitute of its riches as India’s climate gets dryer and dryer. The monsoon season plagues the land with rain for four continuous months, and then leaves a dry spell for six more. This is particularly hazardous for farmers in India because they generally do not have a large livestock supply on which they may depend on. In these conditions the only crops that can optimally survive are tropical ones such as rice and sugar cane. Fertilizer is still not a popular product in the rural areas, and so animal manure (usually water buffalo or cow) in used as a primitive substitute. While this may be more beneficial for the surrounding wildlife, the manure mixes with runoff and pollutes the waterways of the nation, making water supplies undrinkable and choleric. In many places, such as Karnal, the mother soil has been unskillfully used, and therefore it is bereft of natural minerals and proteins. Right now the only foreseeable option for this rapidly urbanizing nation is sustainable farming. The benefits include year around production, dearth of pests and agricultural diseases, resource recycling, and a cut of transportation costs since all farming would be localized. Crop rotation is the most popular practice, but this is not achievable until Indian farmers begin to variegate their products. Diversity is a difficult process, especially since livestock is not an important industry in India; therefore extensive diversity may not be achievable on an Indian farm. But there are many other feasible techniques, such as the installation of soil covers which lock in moisture, conserve water, and prevent mold and decay. Soil management or matching crops to plots with the ideal nutrient contents can stabilize the plantings and increase their efficiency. Additionally, farmers must be educated further in the use of pesticides. In some cases â€Å"organic† chemicals can be benefic ial because they cut labor costs and increase the durability of soils. Local communities can help by creating a relationship with agricultural neighbors in order to expand the market and increase crop value. Then, eventually the connection between rural and urban communities will also be strengthened and an interregional dependency can be formed and adapted. â€Å"I came out on the chariot of the first gleam of light, and pursued my voyage through the wildernesses of worlds, leaving my track on many a star and planet,† declared Rabindranath Tagore, poet laureate of the East. I hope to leave my track as well, next to the familiar train rails which weave through the jade pastures of my second home. My future will focus on the connections between man and nature, and not specifically on agricultural training; but perhaps this will allow me to consolidate India with its environment through the objectives of environmental stewardship. Environmental stewardship is the foundation f or sustainable farming and it can be achieved with meticulous agricultural practices. India will finally be able to support its failing agricultural population, and at the same time, can improve the ever-changing global environment. Land preservation is necessary to encourage more farming amidst the consuming industrialization. If the Indian government can fulfill its responsibility and sustain its people with domestic dependability, the nation will be able to reap rewards that have not been available to its economy. When one billion civilians receive the benefits of environmentally friendly products, then perhaps sustainable farming will expand and be embraced as a blessing by farmers and consumers alike.